Subjetivación y fuga en la narrativa chilena contemporánea (2009-2019)

Resumo

This study analyzes the dis/figurements of subjectivity in a corpus composed of the following novels and collections of short stories, published between 2009 and 2019: Animales domésticos, Imposible salir de la tierra and El sistema del tacto by Alejandra Costamagna; Sangre en el ojo and Sistema Nervioso by Lina Meruane; Ruido, Brujo and Laguna by Álvaro Bisama; Fuenzalida, Chilean Electric, Space Invaders and La dimensión desconocida by Nona Fernández; and Formas de volver a casa, Facsímil and Mis documentos by Alejandro Zambra. The novels and short stories that make up this corpus, have in common a discourses that revolves around formative processes, ways of constructing subjectivity and memory, or ways of objectifying the self, the body or the content of consciousness; and, at the same time, in these texts manifests a will to betray or profane the inherited cultural limits and patterns, or else, to undertake liberating flights from the world, in profit to carrying out processes of transformation or aberrant alliances, which make flee the fundamentals, criteria and limits with which he builds subjectivity and memory. The main objective of this thesis is to identify and describe the nature of the forces that operate in the configuration of modes of subjectivation in these texts; but also, to analyze the way in which these same texts undo or problematize these modes of subjectivation and, specifically, subjectivity conceived as a psychophysical compound, ruled by an ontological structure that divides and hierarchizes the relationship between body and soul. Instead of concentrating on the analysis of the representation of historical subjects in narrative fiction, we focus on the way in which our corpus assembles or disassembles, affirms or discusses, the modes of construction of subjectivity and/or memory. In this sense, our object of study is the oscillation that takes place in the narrative discourse, between substance and accident, the unity and dispersion, the metaphysical and empirical, the transcendence and immanence, between construction and destruction of subjectivity. Ultimately, this research aims to answer the following questions: What makes flee the contemporary Chilean narrative? What connotations does flight, the destruction of subjectivity and the loss of individuation acquire in our corpus? How does the Chilean narrative affirm or discuss the normative conception of subjectivity, that is, as a psychophysical compound that, folded on itself, reaches a univocal, fixed and centralized form? How does the Chilean narrative thematize the subjection or liberation of the body from the transcendental function of language and from the ontological structure of subjectivity? How is the psychophysical conception of subjectivity projected in the Chilean narrative and how does it, in turn, resort to this conception to address individual and collective subjectivation processes? In order to achieve these objectives and answer these questions, this study privileges the narratological textual analysis, which objetify at the literary images present in the narrative texts and among which we aspire to build intertextual dialogues, from a cartographic and comparative approach, identifying its continuities and discontinuities, and having as its axis the topic for the flight and its various connotations.