The audio describer as a cultural mediator
-
1
Universitat de València
info
ISSN: 0213-2028
Année de publication: 2017
Volumen: 30
Número: 2
Pages: 538-558
Type: Article
D'autres publications dans: Revista española de lingüística aplicada
Résumé
Audio Description (AD) is a modality of audiovisual translation that consists of making cultural products accessible to people who are blind or partially-sighted. Our study focuses on the contrastive analysis of the AD of four films in English and Spanish, our objective being to determine how the same visual cultural reference is described in two languages and for two target cultures. Using a descriptive methodology, we categorise and analyse cultural references following Díaz Cintas and Remael’s (2007) classification and determine the translation strategies used. Our research shows that the decisions that the describer makes are conditioned by the distance, not only geographical but above all cultural, that exists between the audience and the culture that is reflected in the film. The describer becomes a mediator between cultures; that is why the greater the cultural distance, the higher their presence and involvement
Références bibliographiques
- AENOR (2005). Norma UNE 153020: Audiodescripción para personas con discapacidad visual. Requisitos para la audiodescripción y elaboración de audioguías. Madrid: AENOR.
- Agost, R. (1999). Traducción y doblaje: Palabras, voces e imágenes. Barcelona: Ariel.
- Arndt, M. (2007). Themes of Little Miss Sunshine. Fora TV. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bsEkf_TYV6s. [Accessed: 03.09.16].
- Atwood, C. (2005). The costumes of Memoirs of a geisha. Retrieved from http://www.costumersguide.com/cr_geisha.shtml [Accessed 14.09.16]
- Arma, S. (2012). Why can’t you hear black shoes like the other mothers?: Preliminary investigation on the Italian language of audio description. In E. Perego (Ed.), Emerging topics in translation: Audio description (pp. 37–55). Trieste: EUT Edizioni Università di Trieste.
- Braun, S. (2008). Audiodescription research: State of the art and beyond. Translation Studies in the New Millenium, 6, 14–30.
- Chaume, F. (2013). Panorámica de la investigación en traducción para el doblaje. TRANS: Revista de Traductología, 17, 13–34.
- Díaz Cintas, J. (2007). Por una preparación de calidad en accesibilidad audiovisual. TRANS: Revista de Traductología, 11, 45–60.
- Díaz Cintas, J. (2008). Introduction. In J. Díaz Cintas (Ed.), The didactics of audiovisual translation (pp. 1–18). Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/btl.77.03dia
- Díaz Cintas, J., & Remael, A. (2007). Audiovisual translation: Subtitling. Manchester: St Jerome.
- Fryer, L. (2016). An introduction to audio description: A practical guide. London: Routledge.
- Fuentes Luque, A. (2001). Consideraciones sobre la traducción de referencias culturales subordinadas. In E. Pajares, R. Merino, & S. M. Santamaría (Eds.), Trasvases culturales: Cine, literatura, traducción (pp. 159–166). Vitoria: Servicio Editorial de la Universidad del País Vasco.
- García Luque, F. (2009). Translation as a mediating activity: The influence of translation metaphors in research, practice and training of community interpreting. Entreculturas, 1, 647–668.
- Hurtado Albir, A. (2001). Traducción y traductología: Introducción a la traductología. Madrid: Cátedra.
- ITC. (2000). ITC guidance on standards for audio description. Retrieved from: http://www.ofcom.org.uk/static/archive/itc/itc_publications/codes_guidance/audio_description/index. asp.html. [Accessed 16.09.16]
- Jakobson, R. (1959[2004]). On linguistic aspects of translation. In L. Venuti Translation studies reader (2nd Edition) (pp. 113–118). New York: Routledge.
- Katan, D. (1999). Translating cultures: An introduction for translators, interpreters and mediators. Manchester: St. Jerome.
- Kruger, J. L. (2012). Making meaning in AVT: Eye tracking and viewer construction of narrative. Perspectives, 20(1), 67–86. doi: 10.1080/0907676X.2011.632688
- Maszerowska, A., & Mangiron, C. (2014). Strategies for dealing with cultural references in audio description. In A. Maszerowska, A. Matamala, & P. Orero (Eds.), Audio description: New perspectives illustrated (pp. 159–178). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
- Matamala, A., & Rami, N. (2009). Análisis comparativo de la audiodescripción española y alemana de “Good Bye, Lenin!” Hermeneus, 11, 249–266.
- Molina, L., & Hurtado Albir, A. (2002). Translation techniques revisited: A dynamic and functionalistic approach. Meta, 47(4), 498–512. doi: 10.7202/008033ar
- Navarrete, F. (1997). Sistema AUDESC: El arte de hablar en imágenes. Integración, 23, 70–75.
- Pedersen, J. (2005). How is culture rendered in subtitles? In MuTra 2005 – Challenges of multidimensional translation: Conference proceedings. Retrieved from http://www.euroconferences.info/proceedings/2005_Proceedings/2005_Pedersen_Jan.pdf [accessed 18.01.17]
- Pedersen, J. (2009). A subtitler’s guide to translating culture. Multilingual, 103(20), 44–48
- Pedersen, J. (2011). Subtitling norms for television: An exploration focusing on extralinguistic cultural references. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins. doi: 10.1075/btl.98
- Sales Salvador, D. (2004). Puentes sobre el mundo: Cultura, traducción y forma literaria en las narraciones de transculturación de José María Arguedas y Vikram Chandra. Bern: Peter Lang.
- Sanderson, J. (2011). Imágenes en palabras: La audiodescripción como generadora de estrategias alternativas de traducción. Puntoycoma, 123. Retrieved from http://ec.europa.eu/translation/bulletins/puntoycoma/123/pyc1238_es.htm [Accessed 16.08.16]
- Snyder, J. (2007). Audio description: The visual made verbal. The International Journal of the Arts in Society, 2(2), 99–104.
- Szarkowska, A., & Jankowska, A. (2015). Audio describing foreign films. The Journal of Specialised Translation, 23, 243–269.
- Taft, R. (1981). The role and personality of the mediator. In S. Bochner (Ed.), The mediating person: Bridges between cultures (pp. 53–58). Cambridge: Schenkman.
- Utray, F., Pereira, A. M., & Orero, P. (2009). The present and future of audio description and subtitling for the deaf and hard of hearing in Spain. Meta: Translators’ Journal, 54(2), 248–263. doi: 10.7202/037679ar