La influencia de las lenguas indígenas precolombinas en las UF del español

Resumen

Spanish, English, French, Portuguese or Arabic languages are characterized by being official or co-official in many countries. In addition, these languages possess countless Phraseological Units (PU), along with new creations and diatopic variants. The data obtained by the FRASYTRAM research group in the University of Alicante, which has developed a database of fixed verbal constructions composed of more than 37,000 units, demonstrates that Peninsular Spanish dictionaries have hardly treated Latin American PUs; similarly, Latin American dictionaries have scarcely studied Peninsular Spanish PUs. Today, a good part of Latin American local population continues to use indigenous languages: Quechua, Nahua, Mapuche, Maya, Aimara, Arahuaco, etc. For this reason, we also wish to analyze the presence of the lexical elements of indigenous languages in Spanish PUs. For now, 653 fixed verbal constructions containing Pre-Columbian languages terms have been compiled. We have developed a series of tables that contain Pre-Columbian terms, grouped by language and number of times that the same term appears in the expressions. The detailed analysis of these diatopical PUs with indigenous terms allows us to observe three large cases of PU formation: - PUs which are variants of Peninsular and common Spanish expressions. - PUs which are variants of diatopical expressions, which in turn are variants of Peninsular or common Spanish expressions. - PUs corresponding to idiosyncratic creations of the country in which they have been created, without taking account of other Spanish expressions. Finally, reflecting on the importance of the indigenous languages in the Spanish language, we show a group of 44 expressions that have some term belonging to one of the indigenous languages of America thanks to the analysis of our database.